Baby's breathing rate during sleep: what's normal at every age

Why baby's breathing is so hard to interpret

Babies don't breathe like adults. Their respiratory system is still maturing, which means their rate, rhythm, and ventilation amplitude change significantly over the first year. What seems chaotic to a new parent often corresponds to perfectly normal development.

The difficulty is that 'normal' covers a very wide range. A newborn who breathes 30 times per minute and another who does 60 can both be perfectly healthy. This range is so wide that it can seem useless when you're standing over the crib in the dark.

Knowing the general benchmarks is a good starting point. Knowing your baby's personal normal is even better.

Normal breathing rates by age

Breathing rate is measured in cycles per minute (cpm). The data below reflects the most cited pediatric reference ranges. Always consult your pediatrician if you have specific concerns about your baby.

Newborns (0–1 month)

Normal range: 30 to 60 cycles per minute

Newborns breathe faster than any other age group. Their lungs are small, their oxygen needs are high relative to their size, and their nervous system is still learning to regulate everything. A rate between 30 and 60 cpm during sleep is considered normal.

You may notice that your newborn breathes rapidly for a few seconds, then slows down, then speeds up again. This is normal. It's called periodic breathing, and we'll get into more detail below.

1 to 3 months

Normal range: 30 to 50 cycles per minute

By the end of the first month, breathing tends to stabilize slightly. The upper limit of the range starts to decrease as the respiratory system matures. Your baby's sleep cycles also become a bit more organized during this period, which can make breathing patterns slightly more regular.

3 to 6 months

Normal range: 25 to 45 cycles per minute

Around three months, many parents notice that breathing becomes easier to observe and slightly more regular. The irregular, dramatic bursts of the newborn stage tend to fade. Sleep also consolidates for many babies, which influences the breathing rate.

This is often the period when parents start to feel more comfortable reading their baby's signals, even if nighttime wakings and developmental changes can continue to make breathing unpredictable.

6 to 12 months

Normal range: 20 to 40 cycles per minute

At six months, breathing rates approach what's seen in a toddler. The range narrows, and breathing during sleep becomes generally more regular. Your baby spends more time in organized sleep cycles, and their respiratory system has developed significantly since birth.

Why breathing rate changes during sleep

Your baby doesn't breathe at a fixed rate throughout the night. Several factors cause natural fluctuations.

The stage of sleep. Breathing is faster and more irregular during active sleep (REM), which is the dream phase. It slows down and becomes more regular during quiet sleep (non-REM). Newborns spend a large part of their sleep in the active phase, which is why their breathing seems so variable.

Age and development. As the nervous system matures, the brain regulates breathing during sleep better. This is why rates decrease with age.

Body temperature and environment. A room that's too hot or a slight fever can increase the breathing rate. A cool and comfortable environment tends to favor calmer breathing.

Growth spurts and illnesses. During a growth spurt or when baby is fighting off a mild infection, breathing may temporarily speed up. Context matters.

None of these variations are a cause for concern in themselves. The question is always whether the breathing seems normal for your baby — that's why individual baselines matter more than population averages.

Worrying breathing patterns… but generally harmless

Periodic breathing

This is what sends most new parents to Google at 3 am. Periodic breathing is a pattern where your baby breathes rapidly for a few seconds, pauses for up to 10 seconds, and then resumes. It's common in newborns and young infants and is considered a normal part of immature respiratory regulation.

It usually resolves on its own as the nervous system matures, typically by six months.

Noisy breathing

Grunting, snorting, and occasional squeaks are common, especially in the newborn stage. Babies have narrow nasal passages and breathe mostly through their nose. Small amounts of mucus, a slightly stuffy nose, or simply the anatomy of a tiny airway can create sounds that seem alarming but are generally harmless.

Exaggerated chest movements

Babies use their diaphragm and abdominal muscles more visibly than adults when they breathe. It's normal to see the belly rise and fall pronouncedly. What you're observing is not the movement itself, but whether this movement seems labored or expresses distress.

Sighs and deep breaths

You may notice that your baby occasionally takes a deep breath or sighs during sleep. This is a normal self-regulation mechanism. The respiratory system uses these sighs to reinflate small areas of the lungs and reset the breathing rhythm.

When to call your pediatrician

The patterns described above are generally harmless. But certain signs warrant quick attention. Contact your pediatrician or a healthcare professional if you observe:

• A consistently high breathing rate above 60 cpm in a baby over one month, especially at rest
• Nasal flaring — nostrils that visibly flare with each breath
• Retractions — the skin sucking in between the ribs, below the sternum, or at the base of the neck with each breath
• Grunt-like sounds with each breath, and not just occasionally
• Breathing pauses longer than 20 seconds, or shorter pauses accompanied by changes in color (pale, blue, or grayish skin)
• Rapid breathing that persists and is accompanied by fever, lethargy, or difficulty feeding
• Any change in skin color around the mouth or fingertips

These signs may indicate respiratory distress or infection and should be evaluated by a professional. When in doubt, call your pediatrician. That's exactly what they're there for.

The limits of general ranges

Here's something worth stopping on: the ranges presented in this article are population averages. They describe what's typical for thousands of babies. Your baby, however, is a unique individual, with their own breathing patterns, their own sleep cycles, and their own version of normal.

A baby who regularly breathes at 28 cpm during deep sleep may be perfectly healthy. So might another who breathes at 48 cpm. What matters is that this rate is normal for them, that it's consistent, and that it changes in correlation with illness or distress.

That's why pediatricians don't just look at a single number. They look at trends, context, and the whole picture.

The same principle applies to home monitoring. A single reading at 2 am tells you very little. A set of measurements over several weeks tells you a lot.

How continuous monitoring helps you know your baby's normal

There's a significant difference between checking your baby's breathing once and monitoring it every night.

A single observation gives you a data point. Continuous monitoring gives you a baseline. And it's the baseline that allows you to detect when something truly changes.

This is the philosophy behind Mothair: a non-contact monitoring device that slips under the mattress and tracks breathing rate, heart rate, and movements all night, without any skin contact. No sensor to attach, no bracelet to adjust, no change to your baby's sleep routine. You place it, that's it.

The companion app builds a personalized health profile over time. Rather than comparing your baby's breathing to a generic population average, Mothair learns what's normal specifically for them. When something deviates from this individual baseline, you receive a discreet alert. When everything is as expected, you sleep.

Nightly reports display breathing trends week after week, so you can see how your baby's patterns evolve over the first 1,000 days. The family sharing feature also lets you give your pediatrician access to the data, which can make routine consultations more rich and informative.

The subscription starts at 60 € for a two-month trial, device included, with the option to return the device at the end of the period. No major upfront purchase.

The goal isn't to replace your pediatrician's judgment. It's to give you real data so that when something seems off, you're not left questioning yourself at 3 am with only a population average and anxiety as your guide.

FAQ

What is the normal breathing rate for a sleeping newborn? A sleeping newborn typically breathes between 30 and 60 times per minute. This rate is higher than in older babies and adults because newborns have smaller lungs and higher oxygen needs relative to their size. The rate decreases naturally as your baby grows.

Is it normal for a baby to breathe fast then slow during sleep? Yes. This pattern, called periodic breathing, is common in newborns and young infants. The baby breathes rapidly for a few seconds, pauses briefly, and then resumes. It reflects the immaturity of the nervous system's respiratory regulation and usually resolves by six months.

How do I count my baby's breathing rate? Watch your baby's chest or belly rise and fall. Count each rise as a breath. Count for a full 60 seconds, or for 30 seconds and multiply by two. Do this when your baby is calm and at rest — not right after a feeding or a crying spell, as activity affects the rate.

At what breathing rate should I worry about my baby? A sustained rate above 60 breaths per minute in a baby over one month, especially combined with signs like nasal flaring, retractions, persistent grunting, or color changes around the mouth, warrants a call to your pediatrician. A single rapid reading during active sleep is generally not a cause for concern by itself.

Does a baby's breathing rate change with age? Yes, consistently. Newborns breathe at 30–60 cpm, which decreases to 20–40 cpm by 6–12 months. The nervous system matures, sleep cycles organize, and the respiratory system becomes more efficient. By the age of walking, breathing rates approach adult values.

What's the difference between periodic breathing and apnea? Periodic breathing involves brief pauses up to 10 seconds, which resolve on their own without any change in color or muscle tone in the baby. Apnea refers to pauses of 20 seconds or more, or shorter pauses accompanied by a drop in heart rate or changes in skin color. Periodic breathing is normal in young infants. Apnea should be evaluated by a doctor.

Can a baby monitor accurately measure breathing rate? It depends on the device. Traditional audio or video monitors don't measure breathing rate at all. Under-mattress monitors like Mothair detect breathing using movement sensors placed under the mattress, tracking the slight physical movements associated with each breath throughout the night. This kind of continuous monitoring is much more useful for identifying trends than a manual count, as it captures your baby's patterns over complete sleep cycles over time.

Knowing the general ranges is useful. Knowing your baby's individual patterns is even better. The first 1,000 days go by quickly, and the more clearly you see what's normal for your baby, the more calmly you can react when something changes.

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